Composting Responsibly: Managing Plastics and Packaging Waste

Understanding the Role of Plastics in Composting

As we strive to reduce our environmental impact and manage waste responsibly, composting has become an increasingly popular practice. However, when it comes to composting plastic packaging and other materials, there is often confusion about what can and cannot be composted. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the complexities of composting plastics and packaging waste.

Distinguishing Between Compostable and Non-Compostable Plastics

One of the most important aspects of responsible composting is understanding the difference between compostable and non-compostable plastics. Traditional petroleum-based plastics, such as plastic bags, containers, and packaging, do not decompose in compost piles and should never be included in your composting efforts. These plastics can contaminate the compost and harm the environment.

On the other hand, some plastics are designed to be compostable, such as those made from plant-based materials like corn starch or sugar cane. These are often referred to as PLA (polylactic acid) plastics. While PLA plastics may break down in commercial composting facilities that maintain high temperatures and controlled conditions, they typically do not decompose in backyard compost bins.

Factors Affecting Compostability

Several key factors determine whether a material can successfully break down in a composting environment:

Temperature

Backyard compost piles generally reach temperatures between 90°F and 140°F during the decomposition process. However, this temperature range is often insufficient for many compostable plastics to break down completely. Commercial composting facilities, on the other hand, maintain higher temperatures between 131°F and 170°F, which are necessary for the proper composting of PLA plastics. Using a compost thermometer can help you monitor the temperature of your backyard pile.

Time

Even when certified as compostable, plastics can take several months to several years to fully decompose. Backyard composters rarely achieve the ideal conditions required for the thorough breakdown of these materials, making it difficult to ensure complete decomposition.

Best Practices for Managing Common Packaging Materials

To help you navigate the composting process, we have compiled a list of best practices for managing common packaging materials:

Plastic Bags, Wrappers, and Containers

• Do not include any plastic bags in your compost bin, as they will not break down and will contaminate the compost.
• Recycle eligible plastics whenever possible, following your local municipal guidelines.
• Non-recyclable plastics should be disposed of in the trash. Avoid wish-cycling or attempting to compost them in your backyard.

Paper Cartons and Cups

• For paper cartons, remove any plastic spouts and recycle only the paper portion.
• Cups lined with PLA should be either disposed of in the trash or recycled if accepted by your local recycling program. Do not attempt to compost them.

Compostable Tableware and Bags

• Compostable tableware and bags should only be composted in certified commercial composting facilities. Do not place them in your backyard composter.
• Always check labels carefully, as not all bio-plastics are suitable for backyard composting.
• If you are unsure about the compostability of an item, it is best to dispose of it in the trash to avoid the risk of contamination.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I put any type of plastic in my compost bin?

No, you should not put any conventional petroleum-based plastics in your home compost pile. Even plastics that are labeled as compostable or biodegradable should only be composted in commercial organics bins, as they require specific conditions to break down properly.

What about compostable bin liners and bags?

It is best not to use any plastic bags, including those labeled as compostable or biodegradable, to line your compost bins. These materials need intense heat and controlled conditions to break down, which are not typically present in backyard composting environments.

Is it safe to compost in plastic containers?

Yes, you can safely use plastic bins, tumblers, and holding containers to collect and compost waste. However, it is important to note that the plastic itself should not be placed into the final compost pile.

How do I know if packaging is truly compostable?

Look for certifications from reputable organizations such as BPI or Vinçotte, which indicate that the packaging is approved for use in commercial organics collections. Do not assume that a product is home compostable without clear guidance, and when in doubt, it is best to keep it out of your backyard compost.

By following these guidelines and best practices, we can all contribute to a more sustainable future through responsible composting. Remember, the key to successful composting is understanding the limitations of different materials and ensuring that only appropriate items end up in your compost pile. Together, we can reduce waste, minimize our environmental impact, and create a healthier planet for generations to come.